The same mechanism is present in the Pythagorean cup. Jensen notes that the earliest example of a continuous extractor is archaeological evidence for a Mesopotamian hot-water extractor for organic matter dating from approximately 3500 BC. The removable holder/chamber is fitted with a small siphon side arm and, in the same way as for Soxhlet, a vertical condenser ensures that the solvent drips back down into the chamber which is automatically emptied at every cycle. The thimble is surrounded by hot solvent vapour and maintained at a higher temperature compared to the Soxhlet extractor, thus allowing better extraction for compounds with higher melting points such as bitumen. Very similar to the Soxhlet extractor, the Kumagawa extractor has a specific design where the thimble holder/chamber is directly suspended inside the solvent flask (having a vertical large opening) above the boiling solvent. The non-soluble portion of the extracted solid remains in the thimble, and is usually discarded. The advantage of this system is that instead of many portions of warm solvent being passed through the sample, just one batch of solvent is recycled.Īfter extraction the solvent is removed, typically by means of a rotary evaporator, yielding the extracted compound. After many cycles the desired compound is concentrated in the distillation flask. This cycle may be allowed to repeat many times, over hours or days.ĭuring each cycle, a portion of the non- volatile compound dissolves in the solvent. The thimble ensures that the rapid motion of the solvent does not transport any solid material to the still pot. The solvent is returned to the distillation flask. When the Soxhlet chamber is almost full, the chamber is emptied by the siphon. Some of the desired compound dissolves in the warm solvent. The chamber containing the solid material slowly fills with warm solvent. The condenser ensures that any solvent vapour cools, and drips back down into the chamber housing the solid material. The solvent vapour travels up a distillation arm, and floods into the chamber housing the thimble of solid. A reflux condenser is placed atop the extractor.The Soxhlet extractor is placed atop the flask. The flask is placed on the heating element.The extraction solvent to be used is placed in a distillation flask.The thimble is loaded into the main chamber of the Soxhlet extractor.The source material containing the compound to be extracted is placed inside the thimble.It allows for unmonitored and unmanaged operation while efficiently recycling a small amount of solvent to dissolve a larger amount of material.Ī Soxhlet extractor has three main sections: a percolator (boiler and reflux) which circulates the solvent, a thimble (usually made of thick filter paper) which retains the solid to be extracted, and a siphon mechanism, which periodically empties the thimble. Typically, Soxhlet extraction is used when the desired compound has a limited solubility in a solvent, and the impurity is insoluble in that solvent. It was originally designed for the extraction of a lipid from a solid material. A Soxhlet extractor is a piece of laboratory apparatus invented in 1879 by Franz von Soxhlet.
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